Good News for Many Frequent Fliers

< Sep. 26, 2007 > -- Despite recent media reports of airplane passengers developing serious blood clots in-flight, only about one in 5,000 people are at risk for these types of events, a new study finds.

This type of leg clot, called a venous thrombosis, has gotten a lot of recent attention. In fact, the condition has been nicknamed "economy class syndrome," since it has been linked to long hours of immobility during flight.

Venous thromboembolism is a condition where blood clots form in the veins of the legs. The danger is that these clots can break loose and travel to the lungs, heart, or brain, causing a life threatening condition. These clots can develop from prolonged sitting.

Risk Low for Most, Though Not for All

In this new study, European researchers calculated the risk and found that for most people, the risk for so-called "economy class syndrome" was actually very small. However, the odds of in-flight clot are higher for some groups than others, and knowing your risk is important to accurately assessing whether you should take preventive measures, the researchers say.

"People who make several flights in a short time frame, people who make very long flights, people who are overweight, and people who are either short or very tall are at increased risk," notes lead researcher Dr. Frits R. Rosendaal, from the department of clinical epidemiology and hematology at Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.

Aspirin Not Necessary

In the study, Dr. Rosendaal's team collected data on almost 8,800 people who worked for international companies and traveled extensively.

During follow-up, 53 thromboses (clots) occurred - 22 within eight weeks of a long-haul flight. Dr. Rosendaal's group used this data to calculate the risk of having a thrombotic event. That risk: one event per every 4,656 long-haul flights.

The researchers found that the risk increased with more flights taken during a shorter period of time. It also increased with the length of flights. The risk was particularly high for those under age 30 and individuals who were particularly short, tall, or overweight, Dr. Rosendaal says.

In addition, the risk of thromboses was highest in the first two weeks after the travel and after eight weeks post-travel, according to the report in the online journal, PLoS Medicine.

Dr. Rosendaal notes that although the risk to individuals is very small, some people are taking precautions that he calls "over the top."

"People should lighten up," he says, referring specifically to people who take aspirin before flying.

There is no evidence that blood-thinning aspirin prevents venous thrombosis, but it can cause abdominal bleeding, Dr. Rosendaal cautions. "People shouldn't take aspirin for this - it doesn't work," he says.

Move Around During Flight

There is really no known preventive measure for economy class syndrome, Dr. Rosendaal says. The best advice is to move your legs and feet. There is no proof that elastic stockings and leg bands work, either, he notes.

Taking the blood thinner heparin will prevent venous thrombosis, too. But it can trigger bleeding and that risk outweighs its small benefit in preventing an in-flight venous thrombosis, Dr. Rosendaal says.

"The only thing that makes sense is to move your feet," he says.

One expert believes the risk of venous thrombosis from air travel is tiny compared with more common causes.

"This large, rigorously-conducted study was carried out by one of the world's top clinical research groups in venous thromboembolism," says Dr. Samuel Z. Goldhaber, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and director of the Venous Thromboembolism Research Group at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.

"More emphasis is required to prevent venous thromboembolism that occurs under everyday circumstances," Dr. Goldhaber says. "A heart-healthy lifestyle, emphasizing ideal body weight, sound nutrition, and daily exercise is a good way to start," he adds.

Always consult your physician for more information.

Blood Clots That Move

According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, venous or deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body.

Most deep vein clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. They also can occur in other parts of the body.

If a clot in a vein breaks off and travels through your bloodstream, it can lodge in your lung. This is called pulmonary embolism, which is a very serious condition that can cause death.

Blood clots in the thigh are usually more likely to break off and cause pulmonary embolism than clots in the lower leg or other parts of the body.

A blood clot also can occur in veins that are close to the surface of the skin. This type of blood clot is called superficial venous thrombosis or phlebitis.

Blood clots in superficial veins are not dangerous because they cannot travel to the lungs.

The following are the most common symptoms of thrombosis. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• increased blood clots in arteries and veins

• pain isolated to one leg (usually the calf or inner thigh)

• swelling in the extremity

• varicose veins

The symptoms of venous thrombosis may resemble other blood disorders or medical problems. Specific treatment for thrombosis will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history

• extent and type of thrombosis

• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

• expectations for the course of the disease

• your opinion or preference

Treatment may include:

• anticoagulant (blood thinning) medications, such as coumadin and heparin

• catheters (to expand the width, or lumen, of involved vessels)

• medications, such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and/or enzymes, such as streptokinase (to dissolve clots)

Always consult your physician for more information.